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FEMA - RBI - FDI - ODI

Foreign Direct Investments (FDI)

While making an investment in India, one has to make sure that FDI guidelines are complied with. Also, issues relating to the transfer or issue of capital instruments in India under the automatic route as well as the approval route need to be addressed. Assistance will further be required in case of filing a single master file which integrates the reporting requirements for FDI in India. Following are a few instances where reporting is required:

When an Indian Company / LLP receives foreign investment and allots shares/capital contribution against such receipt,
Transfer of shares/capital contribution between residents and non-residents in an Indian Company / LLP,
Investment in Indian downstream company by an Indian Company already having foreign investment,
Issue of ESOPs or Sweat Equity Shares to employees/persons outside India, etc.

Overseas Direct Investments (ODI)

Incorporation of a Wholly Owned Subsidiary (WOS) or setting up a Joint Venture (JV) outside India will require assistance in areas of capital structure planning and seeking requisite approvals from RBI. Further, in respect of such transactions, there are one time and annual obligations which are required to be complied within the prescribed timelines.

Annual Return on Foreign Liabilities and Assets (FLA)

Filing of FLA return is mandatory for all the Indian entities which have received FDI and/or made ODI during the year.

External Commercial Borrowings (ECB)

Additional funding requirements in India by a WOS or JV of foreign entity can be fulfilled by way of raising ECB from the foreign parent company. Further, assistance will also be required for drafting loan agreement, obtaining Loan Registration Number (LRN) and complying with monthly ECB reporting.

Trade Transactions

In case of export or import of goods or services, FEMA advisory can be provided with respect to time limit for settlement, advance received / paid, permission for write off of export receivables, realisation and repatriation of proceeds, etc.

Liaison Office (LO) / Branch Office (BO) / Project Office (PO)

Apart from setting up a Company or LLP in India, a person resident outside India can also set up the following types of entities for conducting activities in India:

Liaison Office (LO) also known as the representative office is set up primarily to explore and understand the business and investment climate in India. It generally acts as a communication channel between the parent company overseas and its present or prospective customers in India. However, LO is not permitted to carry on any business activities in India.
Body Corporates incorporated outside India are allowed to set up Branch Offices (BO)which is engaged in the same activity as that of the Foreign Parent Company.
Project Office (PO)means a place of business in India to represent the interests of the foreign company executing a project in India.

Liberalized Remittance Scheme (LRS)

Under FEMA, Resident Individuals are allowed to make remittances outside India for certain permissible capital account transactions in aggregate up to USD 2,50,000/- per year, subject to fulfillment of few basic conditions. The benefit of LRS is only available to Resident Individuals and not to Non-Resident Individuals.

Acquisition and Transfer of Immovable Properties

FEMA also regulates transactions pertaining to acquisition and transfer of immovable properties by a Non-resident in India.

Penalty & Compounding of Offenses

Contraventions/non-compliances under FEMA can invite penalties. These contraventions/non-compliances can be made good by applying for compounding of offense with the concerned regional office of RBI and payment of compounding fees on case to case basis.

Filing of returns under FEMA in all kinds of transactions

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